Many of these articles can be downloaded from http://psycserv.mcmaster.ca/ljt/publications.htm

  • specifically about Suzuki
    @ of particular interest to music educators
    $ review

Articles in Science Journals

$ Trainor, L. J. (2008). Science & Music: The neural roots of music. Nature, 453, 598-599.

@ Trainor, L. J., Gao, X., Lei, J., Lehtovarara, K. & Harris, L. R. (in press). The primal role of the vestibular system in determining musical rhythm. Cortex.

Phillips-Silver, J., & Trainor, L. J. (2008). Vestibular influence on auditory metrical interpretation. Brain and Cognition, 67, 94-102.

Fujioka, T., Trainor, L., & Ross, B. (2008). Simultaneous pitches are encoded separately in auditory cortex: An MMNm study. NeuroReport, 19, 361-366.

Shahin, A. J., Roberts, L. R., Chau, W., Trainor, L. J., & Miller, L. (2008). Musical training leads to the development of timbre-specific gamma band activity. NeuroImage, 41, 113-122.

@$ Hannon, E. E., & Trainor, L. J. (2007). Music acquisition: effects of enculturation and formal training on development. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 466- 472.

@ Phillips-Silver, J., & Trainor, L. J. (2007). Hearing what the body feels: Auditory encoding of rhythmic movement. Cognition, 105, 533-546.

He, C., Hotson, L., & Trainor. L. J. (2007). Mismatch responses to pitch changes in early infancy. Journal of Cog nitive Neuroscience, 19, 878-892.

Trainor, L. J. (2007). Do preferred beat rate and entrainment to the beat have a common origin in movement? Empirical Musicology Review, 2(1), 17-20.

Trainor, L. J. (2006). Innateness, learning, and the difficulty of determining whether music is an evolutionary adaptation: A commentary on Justus & Hutsler (2005) and McDermott & Hauser (2005). Music Perception, 24, 105-110.

  • Fujioka, T., Ross, B., Kakigi, R., Pantev, C., & Trainor, L. (2006). One year of musical training affects development of auditory cortical-evoked fields in young children. Brain, 129, 2593-2608.

Fujioka, T., Trainor, L. J., Ross, B., Kakigi, R., & Pantev, C. (2005). Automatic encoding of polyphonic melodies in musicians and non-musicians. J. of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(10), 1578-1592.

@ Plantinga, J., & Trainor, L. J. (2005). Memory for melody: Infants use a relative pitch code. Cognition, 98, 1-11.

Phillips-Silver, J., & Trainor, L. J. (2005). Feeling the beat in music: Movement influences rhythm perception in infants. Science, 308, 1430.

@$ Trainor, L. J. (2005). Are there critical periods for music development? Developmental Psychobiology, 46, 262-278.

  • Shahin, A., Roberts, L. E., & Trainor, L. J. (2004). Enhancement of auditory cortical development by musical experience in children. NeuroReport, 15, 1917-1921.

@ Fujioka, T., Trainor, L. J., Ross, B., Kakigi, R., & Pantev, C. (2004). Musical training enhances automatic encoding of melodic contour and interval structure. J. Cognitive Neuroscience, 16, 1010-1021.

@ Trainor, L. J., Wu, L., & Tsang, C. D. (2004). Long-term memory for music: Infants remember tempo and timbre. Developmental Science, 7, 289-296.

Trainor, L. J., McFadden, M., Hodgson, L., Darragh, L., Barlow, J., Matsos, L., Sonnadara, R. (2003). Changes in auditory cortex and the development of mismatch negativity between 2 and 6 months of age. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 51, 5-15.

Shahin, A., Bosnyak, D., Trainor, L. J., & Roberts, L. E. (2003). Enhancement of neuroplastic P2 and N1c auditory evoked potentials in musicians. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 5545-5552.

Trainor, L. J., McDonald, K. L., & Alain, C. (2002). Automatic and controlled processing of melodic contour and interval information measured by electrical brain activity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 430-442.

Trainor, L. J., Tsang, C. D., & Cheung, V. H. W. (2002). Preference for consonance in 2- and 4-month-old infants. Music Perception, 20, 187-194.

@ Anvari, S., Trainor, L. J., Woodside, J., & Levy, B. A. (2002). Relations among musical skills, phonological processing, and early reading ability in preschool children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 83, 111-130.

Schmidt, L. A., & Trainor, L. J. (2001). Frontal brain electrical activity (EEG) distinguishes valence and intensity of musical emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 15, 487-500.

O’Neill, C., Trainor, L. J., & Trehub, S. E. (2001). Infants’ responsiveness to fathers’ singing. Music Perception, 18, 409-425.

Trainor, L. J., Austin, C. M., & Desjardins, R. N. (2000). Is infant-directed speech prosody a result of the vocal expression of emotion? Psychological Science, 11, 188-195.

Trainor, L. J., & Adams, B. (2000). Infants’ and adults’ use of duration and intensity cues in the segmentation of auditory patterns. Perception & Psychophysics, 62, 333-340.

@ Rock, A. M. L., Trainor, L. J., & Addison, T. (1999). Distinctive messages in infant-directed lullabies and play songs. Developmental Psychology, 35, 527-534.

Trainor, L. J., Desjardins, R. N., & Rockel, C. (1999). A comparison of contour and interval processing in musicians and non-musicians using event-related potentials. Australian Journal of Psychology: Special Issue on Music as a Brain and Behavioural System, 51, 147-153.

Trainor, L. J., & Zacharias, C. A. (1998). Infants prefer higher-pitched singing. Infant Behavior and Development, 21, 799-805.

@ Trainor, L. J., & Heinmiller, B. M. (1998). The development of evaluative responses to music: Infants prefer to listen to consonance over dissonance. Infant Behavior and Development, 21, 77-88.

Trehub, S. E., & Trainor, L. J. (1998). Singing to infants: Lullabies and playsongs. Advances in Infancy Research, 12, 43-77.

Trainor, L. J. (1997). The effect of frequency ratio on infants’ and adults’ discrimination of simultaneous intervals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 1427-38.

Trainor, L. J., Clark, E. D., Huntley, A., & Adams, B. (1997). The acoustic basis of preferences for infant-directed singing. Infant Behavior and Development, 20, 383-396.
Trehub, S. E., Unyk, A. M., Kamenetsky, S. B., Hill, D. S., Trainor, L. J., Henderson, J. L., & Saraza, M. (1997). Mothers’ and fathers’ singing to infants. Developmental Psychology, 33, 500-507.

Schellenberg, E. G., & Trainor, L. J. (1996). Sensory consonance and the perceptual similarity of complex-tone harmonic intervals: Tests of adult and infant listeners. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 100, 3321-3328.

Trainor, L. J. (1996). Effects of harmonics on relative pitch discrimination in a musical context. Perception & Psychophysics, 58, 704-712.

Trainor, L. J. (1996). Infant preferences for infant-directed versus noninfant-directed playsongs and lullabies. Infant Behavior and Development, 19, 83-92.

@ Trainor, L. J., & Trehub, S. E. (1994). Key membership and implied harmony in Western tonal music: Developmental perspectives. Perception & Psychophysics, 56, 125-132.

@ Trainor, L. J., & Trehub, S. E. (1993). Musical context effects in infants and adults: Key distance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 19, 615-26.

Trainor, L. J., & Trehub, S. E. (1993). What mediates adults’ and infants’ superior processing of the major triad? Music Perception, 11, 185-196.

$ Trehub, S. E., Trainor, L. J., & Unyk, A. (1993). Music and speech processing in the first year of life. Advances in child development and behavior, 24, 1-35.

Trehub, S. E., Unyk, A. M., & Trainor, L. J. (1993). Adults identify infant-directed music across cultures. Infant Behavior and Development, 16, 193-211.

Trehub, S. E., Unyk, A. M., & Trainor, L. J. (1993). Maternal singing in cross-cultural perspective. Infant Behavior and Development, 16, 285-295.

@ Trainor, L. J., & Trehub, S. E. (1992). A comparison of infants’ and adults’ sensitivity to Western musical structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 394-402.

Trainor, L. J., & Trehub, S. E. (1992). The development of referential meaning in music. Music Perception, 9, 455-470.

Unyk, A. M., Trehub, S. E., Trainor, L. J., & Schellenberg, E. G. (1992). Lullabies and simplicity: A cross-cultural perspective. Psychology of Music, 20, 15-28.

Book Chapters

$ Roberts, L.E., Bosnyak, D.J., Shahin, A. & Trainor L.J. (2005). Neuroplastic adaptations of the auditory system in musicians and non-musicians. In J. Syka and M. Merzenich (Eds.), Plasticity and signal representation in the auditory system. Heidelberg: Springer.

$ Trainor, L.J., Shahin, A., & Roberts, L. E. (2003). Effects of musical training on auditory cortex in children. In G. Avanzini, C. Faienze, D. Miciacchi, L. Lopez, & M. Majno (Eds.), The Neurosciences and Music: Mutual interactions and implications of developmental functions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 506-513.

Plantinga, J., & Trainor, L. J. (2003). Long-term memory for pitch in six-month-old infants. In G. Avanzini, D. Miciacchi, L. Lopez & M. Majno (Eds.), The Neurosciences and Music: Mutual interactions and implications of developmental functions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 999, 520-521.

Pantev, C., Ross, B., Fujioka, T., Trainor, L., Schulte, M., Schulz, M. (2003). Music and learning-induced cortical plasticity. In G. Avanzini, D. Miciacchi, L. Lopez, & M. Majno (Eds.), The Neurosciences and Music:Mutual interactions and implications of developmental functions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 438-450.

$ Trainor, L. J., & Schmidt, L. A. (2003). Processing Emotions Induced by Music. In I. Peretz and R. Zatorre, (Eds.), The Cognitive Neuroscience of Music. Oxford : Oxford U. Press, pp. 310-324.

Tsang, C. D., Trainor, L. J., Santesso, D. L., Tasker, S. L., & Schmidt, L. A. (2001). Frontal EEG responses as a function of affective musical features. In The Biological Foundations of Music (R. Zatorre & I. Peretz, Eds.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 930, 439-442.

Trainor, L. J., McDonald, K., & Alain, C. (2001). Electrical brain activity associated with automatic and controlled processing of melodic contour and interval. In The Biological Foundations of Music (R. Zatorre & I. Peretz, Eds.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 930, 429-432.

$ Trehub, S. E. & Trainor, L. J. (1993). Listening strategies in infancy: The roots of language and musical development. In S. McAdams & E. Bigand (Eds.), Cognitive aspects of human audition. London : Oxford U. Press, pp. 278-327.

$ Trehub, S. E. & Trainor, L. J. (1990). Rules for Listening in Infancy. In J. Enns (Ed.), The development of attention: Research and theory (87-119). Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers.